From the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model shown above, answer the following items: 1. Which layer encapsulates the segment into packets? 2. Which layer of the OSI model supplies services that ...

I like to think of the transport layer as the layer of the OSI Model that enables more interesting traffic. While we network engineers may love a lot of the simpler uses of the IP protocol and ...

Could anyone help find authoritative online sources and /or otherwise articulate on why it makes sense to go from the “top down” in the OST 7 -- layer model, instead of “bottom up”, when ...

Layers 7 through 4 are geared more to the application than the lower layers, which are designed to move packets from one place to another no matter what they contain. This top layer defines the ...

The processing in a network protocol that provides the starting point and purpose of the communications session. The application layer is layer 7 of 7 in the OSI model. For example, email, Web ...

According to the OSI Model, the session layer is where connections are established, managed, and torn down. For connection-oriented network protocols, understanding how the session layer works, and ...

Other tips in this series have examined the seven-layer OSI model from the perspective of security. Although security was not the No. 1 goal of the designers of the OSI model, the idea behind these ...

The line between middleware and application software is blurred, which is why this chapter introduces both together. Middleware is software that has been abstracted out of the application layer for a ...