Several bacteria from the Clostridium genus produce botulinum neurotoxins—the most potent biological toxins known—that cause botulism by blocking neurotransmitter release from nerves. Typically, the ...

The toxin complex with its 14 components. The toxin itself is colored pink and sits at the top of the complex. The structure consists of tens of thousands of atoms, and here we only show the surface ...

The use of toxin botulinum-A is one of the most rapidly growing areas in cosmetic dermatology. There is always news about this incredible substance. There are new indications, new techniques, and new ...

We finally know how Botox infiltrates neurons. The finding could aid efforts to develop an antidote for the molecule’s neurotoxic effects, which can result in paralysis or even death. Botox uses a ...

Produced by Clostridium botulinum, a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, the botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) proteins prevent the release of acetylcholine at the cholinergic ends of the peripheral nerves ...

BoNT/Aintoxication of LAN5 cells induces massive tRF changes. (A) Experimental design: 2×106 LAN5 cells/well were intoxicated by 10,000 MsLD50/mL BoNT/A, and small RNA-seq profiles from these cells ...

Local injections of botulinum toxin type A have been used to treat essential head tremor but have not been extensively studied in randomized trials. In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized trial, ...