Guest Opinion. Altruism is helping without a benefit and sometimes at a risk to one’s self. Animals helping others of their own species makes sense to perpetuate the species or help continue their own ...
Why helping others can lead to a more fulfilling life ...
The first two examples are human-centric, as they have a greater bearing on the initial question: reciprocal exchanges and breastfeeding. In the former case—reciprocal altruism—two individuals will ...
In The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism (1971), Robert Trivers writes that many aspects of the human emotional system evolved to regulate the reciprocity system: "… friendship, dislike, moralistic ...