In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

In this chapter, I will present a few useful “cookbook” applications for real-time control circuits designed to perform some specific low-level task and interface with a master controller for ...

Note: This specialization requires purchase of a hardware kit in order to apply your knowledge and skill with real world tools. The hardware will be used to complete the lab exercises across the four ...

Capacitive sensors supply high accuracy at a relatively low cost. But system designers attempting to use them have been forced to first convert the capacitance to a voltage, then convert the voltage ...

The title says it all – this article describes a microcontroller-compatible current sensor module you can build yourself, using an inexpensive 8-pin chip as an ‘active shunt’ for measuring ac/dc ...

In this article, we highlight one of the most important architectural traits of new continuous-time sigma-delta (CTSD) precision ADCs: the easy to drive resistive input and reference. The key to ...

Sensor measurements typically translate physical phenomena of interest into electronic-circuit parameters such as resistance and capacitance, which can then be read with a bridge circuit. Bridge ...

Programmable logic controller IO module. How hard is it to keep track of a binary electronic system? It can only be in one of two states: on or off, open or closed, 0 or 1. While that may be correct, ...