The preoperational stage occurs between ages 2 and 7, where children engage in pretend play and symbolic thinking. During ...

Childhood adversities have distinct effects on mental health and cognitive development, necessitating a nuanced understanding beyond the traditional adverse childhood experiences framework. The study ...

The average number of children per family in the United States has fallen dramatically, from seven in 1800 to fewer than two in 2018. That’s good news for kids’ cognitive development, suggests a ...

Research on infant thinking suggests that babies are more complex thinkers than was once believed. There is now evidence that, by the end of their first year, children are capable of logical reasoning ...

INDIANAPOLIS (WISH) — Indiana’s new mask mandate may affect how people interpret emotional cues. Young children especially rely on facial expressions to understand situations. With face coverings, ...

Greater perceived neighborhood cohesion in childhood (measured at age 10) and at the time of the baseline interview (measured among people ranging in age from 51 to 89, or among people from late ...