What is Layer-by-Layer Assembly? Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a technique for fabricating multilayered thin films by alternately depositing oppositely charged materials onto a substrate. This ...

A team led by researchers at the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom has demonstrated layer-by-layer (LbL) vapor-phase-based growth of halide perovskites, specifically cesium, lead, bromine ...

What is Atomic Layer Etching? Atomic layer etching (ALE) is a highly controlled and selective etching technique that removes material layer by layer at the atomic scale. It is a cyclic process that ...

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) used to be considered too slow to be of practical use in semiconductor manufacturing, but it has emerged as a critical tool for both transistor and interconnect ...