During the inauguration, the president-elect recites the following oath: I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will ...

This may well have been enough for the American Founders ... to “strongly recommend every State to fix upon some Oath or Affirmation of Allegiance to be tendered to all the Inhabitants without ...

This is a digitized version of an article from The Times’s print archive, before the start of online publication in 1996. To preserve these articles as they originally appeared, The Times does ...